While anti-smoking pills are the most popular among those who quit from bad habits, there are many other forms of medication on the national pharmacological market today that help to quit smoking permanently. Which technique is most effective for the patient, the doctor decides based on a complete clinical and laboratory examination and the individual characteristics of the person. It is important to understand that all medications work in different ways. Tablets are the most numerous and effective group of anti-tobacco drugs.
The harm of multi -vector smoking
The dangers of nicotine are not only to hardcore smokers, but also to the people around them. It's about cigarette smoke. Relatives and friends had to put up with tobacco smoke, being next to a smoker. These are the risks of oncology, infertility, obstructive pulmonary disease, pathological changes in the heart and blood vessels, kidneys.
Scientifically proven fact: children who like to lift have significant developmental delays, low intelligence, limited horizons. This is a result of oxygen starvation. The blood does not receive the required amount of oxygen, which leads to the development of hypoxia. The neurons of the brain in such a state, it seems, under suppression, are unable to perform their functions fully.
The heart, pumping blood saturated with carbon dioxide, experiences excessive pressure through hypotonic channels. Against the background of atherosclerosis due to metabolic disorders and changes in blood viscosity, this becomes a cause of heart attacks and strokes.
Moreover, this condition applies equally to smokers and those who have never taken a cigarette in their mouth.
Fans of tobacco smoke are at risk for vascular diseases of the lower extremities: intermittent claudication, varicose veins, degenerative endarteritis, diabetic foot, polyneuropathy.
But the nervous system still suffers mostly. Toxic damage to nerve cells, receptors, fibers leads to uncontrollable headaches, mood swings, unreasonable irritation, memory loss, loss of ability to concentrate, concentrate. Peripheral nerves trigger the development of neuritis, the most notable of which is sciatica. Once it arises, it does not leave the patient for the rest of his life.
The lungs were the first to discover the toxins of tobacco smoke. In addition, attacks on the structures of the bronchi and parenchyma of organs come from two sides: through the blood and locally, with direct irritation of the mucous membranes. There are tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, COPD. This causes persistent respiratory failure, emphysema, asthma, cancer.
The digestive system is also in direct contact with nicotine metabolites and cigarette tar. They trigger erosive and ulcerative processes, hepatitis, kidney stones and cirrhosis. Nightshade alkaloids take the kidneys hostage. They are the ones who metabolize toxins, while the destructive process takes place in the organ itself, nephron sclerosis, chronic renal failure develops.
Libido in men and women, reproductive, erectile function suffer.
Appearance - rejecting others: gray, dry, flaky skin, brittle nails, sparse hair, yellow teeth and disgusting breath. Calcium is washed out of the bones, causing osteoporosis and pathological fractures.
The multifaceted effects of nicotine a priori require a multifaceted approach to the recovery of the body after smoking cessation, taking the help of multiple vectors in parting with tobacco. For this, pharmacologists offer smoking pills and other forms of multi-directional action.
How does nicotine paraphrase work?
It should be said that recently, the form of traditional medicine has changed, adapting to people's habits. Today we see a lot of para tablets in pharmacies.
Need attention:
- lollipops- replacement therapy representative. It contains a minimum dose of nicotine, which, when ingested, softens withdrawal symptoms caused by the cessation of tobacco flow into the blood and brain. That is, it helps not to feel unhappy at the moment of quitting smoking. The indisputable advantage is the inclusion of herbal extracts in the composition of the product and the fact that they can be prepared independently, at home. Diabetics should be treated with caution. Physician consultation on dose adjustment of sugar -reducing medications is required.
- Chewable tablets- regardless of country of origin, they have the same anti-nicotine effect: they replace the absence of nicotine. They contain 2-4 mg of medicinal substances and act similarly to lozenges. The main advantage and difference is that the alkaloids gradually enter the blood and brain, while the product is chewed. Usually within half an hour, no less.
- Spray- This is the same liquid anti-tobacco drug. He is a quick aid when you want to pick up a cigarette. Reach blood flow and neurons in just one minute.
- Patches- representative of the transdermal direction in reducing the craving for pyridine toxins. Maximum comfort to quit smoking. It enters the body through the skin, begins to act immediately, practically does not bind albumin. It is metabolized and excreted by the kidneys. Therefore, it should be used with caution in patients with organ failure.
Today pharmacologists offer anti-smoking injections. Basically a cigarette vaccine. This is an innovation. The principle of operation is to break the vicious circle. Once in the blood, the components of the solution cause the body’s immune response. Antibodies produced by the defense system bind pyridine alkaloids, forming very large antigen-antibody complexes. He is unable to overcome the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from any harmful substances.
The center of happiness remains intact. It turned out that the man was smoking, but there was no pleasure. The chain of addiction breaks and the patient quits smoking.
However, against the background of all innovations, tablet form drugs remain in the highest demand.
Group of drugs for smoking
Modern pharmacology divides all drugs from tobacco dependence into several main groups:
- The first includes substances that contain chemical compounds that affect the body, such as pyridine alkaloids. They activate cholineergic receptors such as nicotine, mimicking its presence. As a result, a person experiences the same feelings as a cigarette being smoked. But tobacco toxins do not enter the bloodstream and neurons, the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract do not burn. However, patients still need nightshade poison.
- The latter directly affects the brain center responsible for the desire to smoke. This is an antidepressant.
- The third - the most interesting, inhibits the mechanism of action of nicotine, kills the desire to drag a cigarette, because this process does not provide any pleasure.
Anti -tobacco drugs
This is a group of all the most commonly used pill formulations for smoking today, with a mechanism of action and contraindications for use - a reliable helper for everyone who decides to end a bad habit. It is necessary because tobacco lovers need to understand: addiction stands on two pillars - the physical and mental desire for nicotine.
So, some of these drugs help to say goodbye to physiological addiction, others - to psychology.
Wrong choices can end in complete failure. Experienced smokers are advised to pay attention to the first group of drugs, beginners - to the third.
Nicotine analog
The composition of these funds contains alkaloids that interact with cholinergic receptors.
The mechanism of action is the replacement of tobacco poison, an attempt to take over its function. These drugs activate the same biochemical processes, sensations, but without negative consequences.
There is another nuance. The nerve endings are very sensitive. Any overdose causes many negative symptoms. Therefore, if their intake is accompanied by cigarette use, tachycardia, nausea, shortness of breath, dizziness, sweating, fainting occur.
This "impresses" the organism until the idea of the dangers of repetition is clearly established in the subcortex.
All drugs in this group have common contraindications:
- Bring a baby and breastfeed.
- PUD and duodenal ulcers, erosive processes in the intestine, pancreatitis.
- Atherosclerotic changes in vessels and ischemia associated with myocardium, brain, hypertension, encephalopathy, heart failure.
- Disorders in the blood clotting system.
- Obstructive diseases of the bronchopulmonary system.
Products that contain nicotine
Tablets containing a minimum dose of nicotine help patients gradually quit smoking permanently, reduce the dose of tobacco they use, or resist forcibly temporarily quitting smoking. This is the same replacement therapy, but not with a nightshade poison simulant, but by itself.
The therapeutic effect is due to the uptake of pyridine alkaloids into the body without harmful impurities and in small amounts. The dose is gradually reduced. To the point of quitting smoking is easy and natural.
Contraindications to the use of drugs in this group are quite different:
- Intolerance to the alkaloid components of nightshade individually.
- Up to 18 years.
- Period of pregnancy and lactation.
- Schizophrenia.
- Kidney failure, liver, heart muscle, peptic ulcer.
Solanaceous alkaloid blockers
The essence of their action is to prevent the penetration of nicotine into cholinergic receptors. The sense of smoking is lost if there is no fun about it.
Herbal medicines are included in this group. They contain calamus and mint, which, with a sharp taste sensation, cause a reluctance to bad habits, suppress the desire to smoke.
Products without alkaloids
They are parallel in their mechanism of action with the previous group, but do not block the contact of cholinergic receptors with nicotine, but interact directly with the brain centers responsible for pleasure, suppressing them. Smoking is a burden.
What causes the different effects of drugs in this group on patients is not entirely clear. It is believed that the whole is in the technical synthesis of varenicline by different manufacturers.
Side effects are quite frequent: headache, nausea, cramps in the epigastrium, blood pressure surges, difficulty sleeping at night and drowsiness, apathy during the day. Rhinorrhea, sore throat, shortness of breath, leading to respiratory failure and pulmonary edema are common.
Antidepressants
These pills, unlike all other drugs, increase the activity of the brain centers, stimulate the production of the hormone of happiness and thus interfere with the effects of nicotine.
Sedative
Anxiety medications help smokers to get out of stressful situations to quit nicotine.
Drugs of this group are contraindicated for pregnant and lactating mothers and for individual intolerance.
Homeopathy
Today it is generally accepted that homeopathic remedies act like placebos. Even so, there are three new generations of effective drugs that can be trusted and safely reduce smoking withdrawal.
The mechanism of action of this pill is to detoxify the body and eliminate the psychological attachment to tobacco.
There are several restrictions on its use: intolerance to the components of the funds individually and allergic mood of the body. Diabetics should take it with caution, as glucose is one of the constituents. The regimen and dose are determined by the doctor, without consultation of which treatment is impossible.
Everyone can independently assess the level of danger and use of smoking pills according to the main parameters, but he does not give a vague answer to the question of which drug is best. This is due to the fact that currently there is no optimal anti-smoking drug that will meet all requirements. Advertising is the engine of progress. But the truth is more valuable.